When running our game on the Pixel 10 Pro, we encounter a situation where vkCreateGraphicsPipelines is extremely time-consuming and slow. Moreover, during PSO (Pipeline State Object) pre-compilation, memory usage keeps rising, eventually causing an abnormal crash at the stack trace shown below.
Below is the timing data viewed using Unreal Engine’s UnrealInsight tool. As you can see, vkCreateGraphicsPipelines takes over 400ms per call, making the entire pre-compilation process extremely slow.
Below is the crash stack trace — the crash occurs while compiling the 11,445th PipelineStateObject (out of a total of 22,035), at which point memory usage has reached 4,137 MB.
libc.so!abort() unknown
libc.so!scudo::die() unknown
libc.so!scudo::reportRawError() unknown
libc.so!scudo::reportMapError() unknown
libc.so!scudo::MemMapLinux::remapImpl() unknown
libc.so!scudo::MapAllocator<scudo::SecondaryConfig<scudo::AndroidNormalConfig>>::allocate() unknown
libc.so!scudo::Allocator<scudo::AndroidNormalConfig, &scudo_malloc_postinit>::allocate() unknown
libc.so!scudo_malloc() unknown
libc.so!malloc() unknown
libusc.so!UscAllocGeneric() unknown
libusc.so!FastAlloc() unknown
libusc.so!ResizeArray() unknown
libusc.so!SetDestCount() unknown
libusc.so!SetOpcodeAndDestCount() unknown
libusc.so!EmitTwoSrcInst() unknown
libusc.so!ExtractField.llvm.9224253951859868103() unknown
libusc.so!ExtractImageDimensions() unknown
libusc.so!ConvertSamplerInstructionCore() unknown
libusc.so!ConvertSamplerInstructionF32() unknown
libusc.so!DoConvert() unknown
libusc.so!BuildCFG() unknown
libusc.so!ConvertToIntermediate() unknown
libusc.so!PVRUniFlexCompileToHw() unknown
vulkan.powervr.so!PipelineCompileFragmentStage() unknown
vulkan.powervr.so!CompileGraphicsPipelinesShaderState(_DEVICE*, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo const*, _PIPELINE_CACHE*, _ALLOCATION_CONTEXT*, _COMPILER_CONTEXT*, _GRAPHICS_PIPELINE*, VkPipelineCreationFeedbackCreateInfo*) () unknown
vulkan.powervr.so!CreateGraphicsPipeline(_DEVICE*, _ALLOCATION_CONTEXT*, _ALLOCATION_CONTEXT*, _COMPILER_CONTEXT*, _PIPELINE_CACHE*, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo const*, _PIPELINE_LAYOUT*, _PIPELINE_LAYOUT*, _GRAPHICS_PIPELINE**) () unknown
vulkan.powervr.so!IMG_vkCreateGraphicsPipelines() unknown
libUE4.so!FVulkanPipelineStateCacheManager::CreateVKPipeline(FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState*, FVulkanShader**, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo const&, bool, bool)::$_27::operator()(FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState*, VkPipelineCache_T*) const(const (unnamed class) * this, FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState * PSO, VkPipelineCache InPipelineCache) Line 1594 c++
libUE4.so!decltype(Forward<FVulkanPipelineStateCacheManager::CreateVKPipeline(FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState*, FVulkanShader**, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo const&, bool, bool)::$_27&>(fp)(Forward<FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState*>(fp0), Forward<VkPipelineCache_T*>(fp0))) Invoke<FVulkanPipelineStateCacheManager::CreateVKPipeline(FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState*, FVulkanShader**, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo const&, bool, bool)::$_27&, FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState*, VkPipelineCache_T*>((unnamed class) & Func, FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState *&& Args, VkPipelineCache_T *&& Args) Line 50 c++
libUE4.so!UE4Function_Private::TFunctionRefCaller<FVulkanPipelineStateCacheManager::CreateVKPipeline(FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState*, FVulkanShader**, VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo const&, bool, bool)::$_27, VkResult (FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState*, VkPipelineCache_T*)>::Call(void * Obj, FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState *& Params, VkPipelineCache_T *& Params) Line 538 c++
libUE4.so!VkResult FVulkanPipelineCacheChunk::CreatePSO<FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState>(FVulkanPipelineCacheChunk * this, FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState * PipelineState, FVulkanPipelineCacheChunk::EPSOCacheAccessType AccessType, TUniqueFunction<VkResult (FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState *, VkPipelineCache_T *)> PSOCreateFunc) c++
libUE4.so!VkResult FVulkanChunkedPipelineCacheManagerImpl::CreatePSO<FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState>(FVulkanChunkedPipelineCacheManagerImpl * this, FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState * PipelineState, bool bIsPrecompile, bool bAllowSkipDraw, TUniqueFunction<VkResult (FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState *, VkPipelineCache_T *)> PSOCreateFunc) Line 1409 c++
libUE4.so!VkResult FVulkanChunkedPipelineCacheManager::CreatePSO<FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState>(FVulkanChunkedPipelineCacheManager * this, FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState * PipelineState, bool bIsPrecompileJob, bool bAllowSkipDraw, TUniqueFunction<VkResult (FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState *, VkPipelineCache_T *)> PSOCreateFunc) Line 3184 c++
libUE4.so!FVulkanPipelineStateCacheManager::CreateVKPipeline(FVulkanPipelineStateCacheManager * this, FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState * PSO, FVulkanShader ** Shaders, const VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo & PipelineInfo, bool bIsPrecompile, bool bAllowSkipDraw) Line 1587 c++
libUE4.so!FVulkanPipelineStateCacheManager::CreateGfxPipelineFromEntry(FVulkanPipelineStateCacheManager * this, FVulkanRHIGraphicsPipelineState * PSO, FVulkanShader ** Shaders, VkPipeline * Pipeline, bool bIsPrecompile, bool bAllowSkipDraw) Line 1550 c++
libUE4.so!FVulkanPipelineStateCacheManager::RHICreateGraphicsPipelineState(FVulkanPipelineStateCacheManager * this, const FGraphicsPipelineStateInitializer & Initializer) Line 2369 c++
> libUE4.so!FVulkanDynamicRHI::RHICreateGraphicsPipelineState(FVulkanDynamicRHI * this, const FGraphicsPipelineStateInitializer & PSOInitializer) Line 2476 c++
libUE4.so!RHICreateGraphicsPipelineState(const FGraphicsPipelineStateInitializer & Initializer) Line 1767 c++
libUE4.so!FCompilePipelineStateTask::CompilePSO(FCompilePipelineStateTask * this) Line 2044 c++
Why is the compilation so slow? and Why does it trigger a Malloc crash? This phone has 16 GB of RAM.
